Visual evidence provides the gold standard of truth. So it is that the news or documentary footage has an uncanny ability to take us in, presenting the illusion of an eyewitness experience, even though it is always a construction and not the truth. The rise of deepfake technology takes this a radical step further. The consequences for our trust in any testimony are profound, writes Don Fallis.

In order to survive and flourish, people need to constantly acquire knowledge about the world. And since we do not have unlimited time and energy to do this, it is useful to have sources of information that we can simply trust without a lot of verifying. Direct visual perception is one such source. But we cannot always be at the right place, at the right time, to see things for ourselves. In such cases, videos are often the next best thing. We can find out what is going on at great distances from us by watching videos on the evening news, for instance.

Moreover, we make significant decisions based on the knowledge that we acquire from videos. Videos recorded by smart phones have led to politicians losing elections (see Konstantinides 2013), to police officers being fired and even prosecuted (see Almukhtar et al. 2018), and, most recently, to mass protests around the world (see Stern 2020). And we are significantly more likely to accept video evidence than other sources of information, such as testimony. Thus, videos are extremely useful when collective agreement on a topic is needed (see Rini 2019).