Why Humans Are The Most Irrational Animals

Our complex imagination makes us more irrational than other creatures

It is easy to make fun of the Aristotelian idea that humans are rational animals. In fact, a bit too easy. Just look at the politicians we elect. Not so rational. Or look at all the well-demonstrated biases of decision-making, from confirmation bias to availability bias. Thinking of humans as deeply irrational has an illustrious history, from Francis Bacon through Nietzsche to Oscar Wilde, who, as so often, came up with the bon mot that sums it all up: "Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when he is called upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason."

My aim is to argue that humans are, in fact, not more rational, but less rational than other animals. Aristotle talked about rationality as the distinguishing feature of humans compared to other animals. I think we can use irrationality as a distinguishing feature. It’s not just that humans are irrational animals; humans are more irrational than any other animals.

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Timothy Ferriss 28 May 2024

The excerpt introduces an interesting idea that challenges the traditional view of humans as the most rational beings.

malan sanni 5 April 2024

A question arises, if we can avoid mistakes and be more rational in the decision-making process, will it bring us correct and reasonable behavior? In "Plausibly Absurd" Dan's answer is "Maybe so. Maybe so. Sometimes so."

killer smile 2 September 2021

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Andrew Rountree 9 July 2021

Professor Bence Nanay,
If I understand the argument correctly, we are viewing the irrational human as a projected future scenario comparison emotional decision maker. And the difference between us and other animals is that we believe we use imagination and they are using simple cognitive mechanism, which we also have access to. In a simplified explanation of irrational decision making this seems reasonable.

I would argue the complexity of decision making is the primary driver of the emotional shortfall. I would further argue that when we are emotionally lazy that our primal evolutionary code can conflict with imagination rather easily and further find complications with our unique perspective based on experiential perceptible reality.

If we discuss decision making to any attempt at understanding, we must first identify the four perception components of influence. In my opinion from least capable to most capable, we have: the cognitive brain, emotions, the physical body, and the spirit. There could be a long argument on the overriding functions of these four perceptions I will attempt to simplify for argument sake.

The brain is a computer.
Emotions are assigned values.
The body is tactile.
The spirit is conscious connectivity.

Any one of these could be blamed for irrational decision outcomes. Depending on our definition of what is irrational. And in order to agree on that definition we must connect our agreement.

I argue it is connection that is the highest force behind the decision. Here are the four explanations.

One, the brain being the easiest. In your grad school example, the brain identified the variables and possibilities. No decision is right or wrong based on these equations. There is no rationale, only computing functions.

Two, emotions at play. When we elevate the brain equations to assigned emotions, to simplify we could say good or bad; we take our first steps towards rationality. We rationalize the equations as you pointed out based on our projected future reality. From here it gets super complicated. I believe this is when we become emotionally lazy.

Three, the body. You mentioned food and clothing in your example along with human interactions. While these examples were pretty simple, we can deduce that the survival of the body through nutrients, weather that is predominantly controlled by our planetary systems and social interaction in one sense physically matters. I would argue these are primarily considered subconsciously  in most decisions. I would question in your example whether you were assigning emotional or logical values to this very physical component. The indicators of port wine vs flip flops hints at prestige vs comfort (simplified selected variables on my part).

Forth, and finally,  we have spirituality. Our connected consciousness of the entirety of all things. We could call it intuition. We could call it the unknown. We could base it on religion. There are many avenues to spirituality. It may be the key to what makes all decisions irrational. With the dominance of our developing consciousness and the other three perceptions we will base our decision on where we are at the moment of our decision.

That decision could be re-evaluated and changed at any moment. It can be assigned a different emotional value. It can affect our physical bodies in a multitude of experiences and durations. And our spirit will provide a connected consciousness to a universal life force which all things share.

We can choose for whatever reason to disconnect from any of these perceptions. It does not change they are there. And what one chooses to connect or disconnect from, another chooses simultaneous their own path. And the complexity of consciousness and decision making grows.

We are left with the question of: what is rational or irrational? In my mind it is like asking what is purpose?

Thank you for the discussion. I hope we all find some joy, at least occasionally, in putting together our life long consciousness puzzle. However rational or irrational it may seem at the current moment. A new decision is but a second away! Cheers to flip flops and smoothies!

Janne Moriggan 22 June 2021

Informative article
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Janne Moriggan 22 June 2021

Informative article
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L Franz 19 June 2019

Your argument would be much stronger if you described the more rational way in which other animals decide between graduate schools in England and California.